Publication in the Diário da República: Despacho n.º 7822/2020 - 07/08/2020
5 ECTS; 1º Ano, 1º Semestre, 28,0 T + 28,0 TP + 14,0 OT , Cód. 82076.
Lecturer
- João Pedro Tomaz Simões (1)(2)
(1) Lead Professor
(2) Teaching Professor
Prerequisites
Not applicable
Objectives
Understand the usefulness of research in tourism; formulate problems, research questions and, where applicable, hypotheses; operationalise variables and develop research instruments; collect data ethically; prepare datasets and apply basic descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS; and integrate qualitative techniques.
Program
1. Fundamentals and research design in tourism
1. 1 Why conduct research: scientific and professional usefulness in the sector;
1. 2 How to conduct research: stages of the research process;
1. 3 Which design to choose: quantitative, qualitative or mixed methods according to the research question.
2. From the problem to hypotheses
2. 1 Formulation of research questions and objectives;
2. 2 Types/criteria of hypotheses;
2. 3 Descriptive/exploratory studies without hypotheses.
3. Operationalisation and instruments
3. 1 Variables, levels of measurement and indicators;
3. 2 Questionnaire: modes, closed/open-ended questions, Likert-type scales and pre-testing;
3. 3 Interview/focus group guides and observation grids.
4. Literature review and standards
4. 1 Literature search (sources, operators, critical selection);
4. 2 APA standards (citations and references) and reading record.
5. Sampling and ethics
5. 1 Probability and non-probability sampling;
5. 2 Criterion-based qualitative sampling and saturation;
5. 3 Threats to validity and mitigation strategies; consent and data protection.
6. Data preparation in SPSS and qualitative data organisation
6. 1 Data structure, coding, missing data and data-cleaning rules;
6. 2 Descriptive statistics and visualisation;
6. 3 Organisation of transcripts/records.
7. Essential quantitative analysis
7. 1 Selection of tests according to research design and level of measurement;
7. 2 t-tests, chi-square, correlation and simple linear regression; assumptions explained in accessible language.
8. Introductory qualitative techniques
8. 1 Interviews and focus groups: guides, conducting sessions, consent and saturation;
8. 2 Structured observation and field diary;
8. 3 Thematic content analysis (from excerpt to theme).
9. Presentation and discussion of results
9. 1 Report structure;
9. 2 Tables/graphs and excerpts/themes;
9. 3 Limitations and implications for tourism management and policy.
Evaluation Methodology
50% - theoretical component - written test / exam
50% - practical component - preparation and presentation of an individual Portfolio during the course.
There will be a theoretical component and a practical component in the exam for students who do not present a portfolio as part of the course.
Exemption from exam with a final mark of 10 or more
Note - in the Theoretical-Practical component classes, Students with less than half of their attendance in these contact hours will be assessed with a weighting associated with the Portfolio work to be carried out by each Student in this component (penalty of 2 points on the 0-20 scale).
Bibliography
- Albarello, L. e Al, E. (2005). Práticas e Métodos de Investigação em Ciências Sociais. (Vol. 1). Lisboa: Gradiva, Lda
- Instituto Nacional de Estatística, I. (0). Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável-Indicadores para Portugal. Acedido em 22 de junho de 2021 em www.ine.pt
- Pocinho, M. (2012). Metodologia da Investigação e Comunicação do Conhecimento Científico. (Vol. 1). Lisboa: Lidel-edições técnicas, lda
- Pérez, X. (2009). Turismo Cultural - Uma visão antropológica. (Vol. 1). Tenerife: PASOS, Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural.
- Quivy, R. e Campenhoudt, L. (2008). Manual de Investigação em Ciências Sociais. (Vol. 1). Lisboa: Gradiva, Lda
Teaching Method
T: short lectures and discussion applied to tourism cases.
TP: research/APA workshops; questionnaire and codebook development; SPSS mini-labs using provided datasets; guided practice in interviews/focus groups and observation grids.
Software used in class
use of A P Ps available at I P T and its networks
