Publication in the Diário da República: Despacho n.º 8955/2023 - 31/08/2023
6 ECTS; 2º Ano, 1º Semestre, 30,0 T + 30,0 PL + 3,0 OT , Cód. 938092.
Lecturer
- Eduardo Jorge Marques de Oliveira Ferraz (1)(2)
(1) Lead Professor
(2) Teaching Professor
Prerequisites
Not applicable.
Objectives
1. To understand the process, structure, properties, and behavior of ceramics materials.
2. To understand the process, structure, properties, and behavior of vitreous materials.
3. To understand the process, structure, properties, and behavior of metallic materials and alloys.
Program
1. Classical ceramic materials
1.1. Characteristics and classification
1.1.1. Types
1.1.2. Function
1.1.3. "Red clay" versus "white clay" earthenware ceramic
1.1.4. Products: utilitarian and decorative versus wall and floor tiles
1.2. Historical techniques and traditional production
1.2.1. Raw materials and plasticity
1.2.2. Ceramic composition
1.2.3. Conformation, drying and firing (heating and cooling)
1.2.4. Finishes
1.3. Microstructure and general properties
1.3.1. Solid versus amorphous state
1.3.2. Shrinkage and expansion
1.3.3. Porosity
1.3.4. Density
1.3.5. Mechanical and chemical strength
1.4. Deterioration
1.4.1. Key factors and mechanisms
1.4.2. Contaminants and defects from conformation, drying and firing
1.4.3. Common pathologies: efflorescence and ceramic/mortar interaction
2. Classic vitreous materials
2.1. Characteristics and classification
2.1.1. Types: glass, frits, glazes and ceramic glazes
2.1.2. Function
2.1.3. Products: archaeological glass, archaeological glazed pottery and stained glass
2.2. Historical techniques and traditional production
2.2.1. Raw materials and viscosity
2.2.2. Melting, cooling and molding
2.2.3. Annealing, tempers (thermal and chemical)
2.2.4. Finishes
2.3. Microstructure and general properties
2.3.1. Amorphous state
2.3.2. Shrinkage and expansion
2.3.3. Porosity
2.3.4. Mechanical and chemical strength
2.4. Deterioration
2.4.1. Key factors and mechanisms
2.4.2. Contaminants, defects from melting, casting and annealing and application of coatings
2.4.3. Glassy coatings
2.4.4. Ceramic/glaze compatibility
2.4.5. Common pathologies: devitrification and expansion by moisture
3. Classic metallic materials and alloys
3.1. Characteristics and classification
3.1.1. Gold and silver alloy
3.1.2. Copper and lead alloys
3.1.3. Ferroalloys
3.1.4. Function
3.1.5. Products: archaeological metals, support in stained glass, sculpture and enamels
3.2. Historical techniques and traditional production
3.2.1. Raw materials and fusion
3.2.2. Casting and forming
3.2.3. Heat treatments
3.2.4. Connecting components and finishes
3.3. Microstructure and general properties
3.3.1. Solid state
3.3.2. Ductility versus brittleness and fragility versus friability
3.3.3. Dilation
3.3.4. Porosity and density
3.3.5. Thermal and electrical conductivity
3.3.6. Mechanical strength
3.4. Deterioration
3.4.1. Key factors and mechanisms
3.4.2. Contaminants and production and defects: shrinkage and porosity
3.4.3. Coatings: enamels and electroplating
3.4.4. Common pathologies: rupture, fatigue, creep and corrosion
Evaluation Methodology
During term-time and examination periods, assessment will be carried out by means of written closed-book tests. The tests consist of two separate parts: a theoretical component and a practical/laboratory component.
The final mark for each assessment period is calculated using the following formula: Final mark = T × 0.5 + PL × 0.5, where: T: the mark for the theoretical component obtained during the regular assessment period, calculated as the arithmetic mean of the theoretical tests, and during the examination period, calculated from the theoretical test; PL: mark for the practical-laboratory component, obtained during the continuous assessment period as the arithmetic mean of the practical-laboratory tests and, during the examination period, based on the practical-laboratory tests.
The theoretical and practical-laboratory components require a minimum mark of 7.5 to pass the module, and students with a final mark of 10 or above are exempt from the examination.
Bibliography
- Godfraind, S. e Pender, R. e Martin, B. (2012). Practical Building Conservation: Metals. Farnham: Ashgate
- Godfraind, S. e Pender, R. (2012). Practical Building Conservation: Glass and Glazing. Farnham: Ashgate
- Hodges, H. (1995). Artifacts: An introduction to early materials and technology. Bristol: Bristol Classical Press
- Willett, C. e Godfraind, S. e Stewart, J. e McCaig, I. e Henry, A. (2015). Practical Building Conservation: Earth, Brick and Terracotta. Farnham: Ashgate
Teaching Method
1. Lectures focused on the exploration of basic concepts and elementary principles.
2. Practical laboratory sessions in which technical concepts are applied, using observation, calculation and experiments.
Software used in class
Theoretical component: Not applicable.
Practical-laboratorial component: spreadsheet.
