Ano Letivo: 2014/15

Engenharia Civil

Linear Algebra

5 ECTS; 1º Ano, 1º Semestre, 30,0 T + 30,0 TP , Cód. 90892.

Lecturer
- Ana Cristina Becerra Nata dos Santos (2)
- Carlos Filipe Perquilhas Baptista (2)

(1) Docente Responsável
(2) Docente que lecciona

Prerequisites
Knowledge of algebraic calculus.

Objectives
1. Acquisition of knowledge in Linear Algebra and Analytic Geometry mathematical areas.
2. Provide students with several algebraic tools that are necessary for modeling and solving problems related to engineering.
3. Development of logical, analytical and critical reasoning thinking skills.

Program
I. Matrices and systems of linear equations
1.1. Basic definitions. Some special types of matrices;
1.2. Matrix operations and properties;
1.3. Elementary operations (on rows). The rank of a matrix;
1.4. Systems of linear equations:
1.4.1. Matrix form of a system of linear equations;
1.4.2. Classification and discussion of a system of linear equations by use of the Rouché's theorem;
1.4.3. Solving systems of linear equations by use of the Gauss-Jordan's elimination method;
1.5. Inversion of matrices:
1.5.1. Singular and non-singular matrices;
1.5.2. Calculation of the inverse of a non-singular matrix by use of the Gauss-Jordan's method.

II. Determinants
2.1. Definition. Calculation of second order determinants (crossed products rule);
2.2. Laplace's theorem;
2.2.1. Minor and cofactor of an entry of a square matrix;
2.2.2. Calculation of the determinant of a square matrix by use of the Laplace's theorem;
2.3. Some properties of determinants;
2.4. Calculation of the inverse of a non-singular matrix by use of its adjoint matrix.
2.5. Solving systems of linear equations by use of Cramers rule.

III. Vetor spaces
3.1. Introduction. Definition and examples of vector spaces;
3.2. Vector subspaces;
3.3. Linear combinations of vectors;
3.4. Subspace spanned by a set of vectors;
3.5. Linear dependence and independence of vectors;
3.6. Basis and dimension of a vector space;
3.7. Row space and column space of a matrix.

IV. Eigenvalues and eigenvectors
4.1. Eigenvalues and eigenvectors of square matrices: definitions, characteristic polynomial and algebraic multiplicity of an eigenvalue;
4.2. Eigenspace associated with an eigenvalue, and geometric multiplicity of an eigenvalue;
4.3. Calculation of eigenvalues and eigenvectors;
4.4. Eigenvalues properties;
4.5. Diagonalizable matrices and diagonalization of a matrix.

V. Analytic geometry
5.1. Inner product: definition and properties;
5.2. Vector and scalar triple products: definition, properties, applications to the calculation of the area of a parallelogram and of the volume of a parallelepiped;
5.3. Vector equation, parametric equations and cartesian equations of a straight line;
5.4. Vector equation, parametric equations and cartesian equation of a plane;
5.5. Relative position of straight lines and planes;
5.6. Calculation of distances.

Evaluation Methodology
Continuous assessment: two written closed-book tests, each worthing 10 points, and a minimum score of 3 grade points in each test.
Exam assessment: one written closed-book test worthing 20 grade points including all taught topics.

Bibliography
- Amaral, I. e Ferreira, M. (2008). Álgebra Linear: Matrizes e Determinantes. (Vol. 1º). (pp. 1-240). Portugal: Edições Sílabo
- Amaral, I. e Ferreira, M. (2009). Álgebra Linear: Espaços Vectoriais e Geometria Analítica. (Vol. 2º). (pp. 1-160). Portugal: Edições Sílabo
- Dias Agudo, F. (1978). Introdução à Álgebra Linear e Geometria Analítica. Lisboa: Escolar Editora
- Giraldes, E. e Smith, P. (1995). Curso de Álgebra Linear e Geometria Analítica. Lisboa: McGraw-Hill
- Leon , S. (2009). Linear Algebra with Applications. (pp. 1-552). USA: Pearson
- Nicholson, W. (1994). Linear Algebra with Applications. Boston: PWS Publishing Company
- Nicholson, W. (1995). Linear Algebra with Applications. Boston: PWS Publishing Company
- T. Magalhães, L. (1989). Álgebra Linear como Introdução à Matemática Aplicada. Lisboa: Texto Editora