4.5 ECTS; 1º Ano, 1º Semestre, 30,0 T + 30,0 TP + 2,0 OT , Cód. 93807.
Lecturer
- Eduardo Jorge Marques de Oliveira Ferraz (2)
(1) Docente Responsável
(2) Docente que lecciona
Prerequisites
Not applicable.
Objectives
1.Understand the evolution, structure and composition of the Earth;
2.Identify minerals and rocks;
3.Be familiar with the process and technology of binder production;
4.Identify binders and mortars;
5.Know the degradation mechanisms of rocks and mortars;
6.Interpret and discuss results
Program
Theoretical component: 1. Physical states and structure of matter 1.1. Liquids and solids 1.2. Amorphous and glass 1.3. liquid Crystals 1.4. Gases and plasmas 1.5. New states of matter 2. Formation of mineral matter 2.1 Introduction to the study of phase diagrams 2.2 Notion of transformation versus time 2.3 Concept of stability and meta-stability 3. Interaction solid-liquid 3.1 Nucleation of solids in liquids 3.2 Growth of solids in liquids 3.3 Crystalline forms 4. Formation and evolution of the terrestrial globe 4.1. Crust, mantle and core 4.2. Brief notions about paleogreografia and paleomagnetism 4.3. Brief ideas about plate tectonics 4.4. Brief notions about seafloor spreading 4.5. Brief notions about subduction zones 4.6. Brief notions about hot spots 5. Formation of igneous rocks 5.1. Evolution and magmatic differentiation 5.2. Brief reference to the modes of occurrence 5.3. Texture and classification 5.4. Examples of use in heritage 6. Formation of sedimentary rocks 6.1. Alteration of stone material 6.1.1. Agents of weathering and climate 6.1.2. Hydrolysis of silicates 6.2. Transport and deposition of particles 6.3. Diagenesis 6.4. Brief reference to the modes of occurrence 6.5. Texture and classification 6.6. Examples of use in heritage 7. Formation of metamorphic rocks 7.1. Factors that transform stone materials 7.2. Types and intensities of metamorphism 7.3. Metamorphic facies 7.4. Brief reference to the modes of occurrence 7.5. Texture and classification 7.6. Examples of use in heritage 8. Modification and alterability of rocks applied to works of art 8.1. Factors and mechanisms of alteration 8.2. Atmospheric deposition processes 8.3. Condensation in porous materials 8.4. Atmosphere interaction - stone material and cimentíceo 8.5. Cases of alteration of stone and mortar on national monuments 9. Construction 9.1. Traditional technique - Clays and earth materials 9.1.1. Adobe 9.1.2. Rammed earth 9.1.3. Nogging 9.1.4. Compressed earth block 9.2. Modern technique 9.2.1. Stone materiais 9.3. Bioclimatic architecture 10. Mortars and binders 10.1. Bassanite, mortar and plaster 10.2. Lime and lime mortars 10.2.1. Air lime 10.2.2. Hydraulic lime 10.3. Cement mortars and concrete 10.3.1. Raw and clinker 10.3.2. Portland cement 10.4. Bastard mortar 10.5. Geopolymeric materials 10.5.1. Geopolymers based on calcined kaolin 10.6. Pozzolanic materials and pozzolans 10.7. Factors with influencing the degradation of mortars Theoretical-practical component: 1. Concept of sample and subsample. A representative sample. Relationship between the properties and sampling. 2. Mohs scale. 3. Identification of minerals to the naked eye, both on individual sample or rock sample. Macroscopic examination. 4. Visual identification of acid igneous rocks in hand sample. 5. Visual identification of basic igneous rocks in hand specimens. 6. Visual identification of detrital sedimentary rocks in hand specimens. 7. Visual identification of sedimentary carbonate rocks in hand specimens. 8. Visual identification of other sedimentary rocks in hand specimens. 9. Visual identification of metamorphic rocks in hand specimens. 10. Manual conformation of adobe blocks. 11. Generic mortar formulation. 12. Mixing of mortar. Fresh state tests. Flow table test. Conformation of three prismatic specimens. 13. Hardened state tests. Mechanical strength (bending and compression) evaluated in the conformed samples. 14. Continuation of the previous class
Evaluation Methodology
1. Theoretical component (64%) assessed through closed-book exam.
2. Theoretical-practical component (33%) assessed through closed-book exam.
Bibliography
- Borrelli, E. e Urland, A. (1999). ARC Laboratory Handbook. Rome: ICCROM
- Keef, L. (2005). Earth Building: Methods and Materials, Repair and Conservation. Abingdon: Routledge
- Odgers, D. e Henry, A. (2012). Practical Building Conservation: Stone. Farnham: Ashgate
(2012). Practical Building Conservation: Mortars, Renders & Plasters. Farnham: Ashgate
Teaching Method
1. Lectures focused on the exploration of basic concepts and elementary principles.
2. Laboratory classes whith appling of technical concepts, including observation, calculus and testing.
Software used in class
Not applicable.
