4.5 ECTS; 1º Ano, 2º Semestre, 30,0 T + 30,0 TP + 2,0 OT , Cód. 938014.
Lecturer
- Eduardo Jorge Marques de Oliveira Ferraz (2)
(1) Docente Responsável
(2) Docente que lecciona
Prerequisites
Prerequisites: Materials 1.
Corequisites: not applicable.
Objectives
1. Be familiar with the process of producing and be able to identify classic ceramics, glasses, glazes, metals and alloys;
2. Identify the major decay mechanisms and resulting products;
3. Know the characterization techniques;
4. Analyse, interpret and discuss results.
Program
Theoretical component:
1. Classic ceramic materials
1.1. Raw materials
1.1.1. Clays
1.1.2. Quartz
1.1.3. Feldspars
1.2. Production
1.2.1. Exploitation of raw materials
1.2.2. Preparation of raw materials
1.2.3. Mixture of raw materials
1.2.4. Conformation
1.2.5. Drying
1.2.6. Firing - Thermal Transformation
1.2.6.1. Crystalline phases versus glassy phase
1.2.6.2. Sintering
1.2.7. Cooling
1.2.8. Finishes
1.3. Structure and Properties
1.3.1. Solid state versus amorphous state
1.3.2. Ionic and covalent bonding
1.3.3. Porosity and water absorption
1.3.4. Density
1.3.5. Mechanical, chemical and thermal resistance
1.4. Types and classification
1.4.1. Red versus white earthenware clay
1.4.2. Building ceramics
1.4.3. Utilitarian and decorative ceramics
1.4.4. Ceramic floor and wall tiles
1.5. Main products
1.5.1. Pottery and terracotta
1.5.2. Faiança
1.5.2.1 Tile
1.5.3. Stoneware
1.5.4. Porcelain
1.5.5. refractory
1.6. Common defects
1.6.1. After drying
1.6.2. After firing
1.7. Alteration
1.7.1. Factors
1.7.2. Mechanisms
1.7.3. Common pathologies
1.7.3.1. Efflorescence
1.7.3.2. Interaction ceramics / mortar
2. Glassy materials
2.1. Raw materials
2.1.1. Vitrificants
2.1.2. Fluxes
2.1.3. Stabilizers
2.1.4. Dyes
2.1.5. Opacifiers
2.2. Production
2.2.1. Exploitation of raw materials
2.2.2. Preparation of raw materials
2.2.3. Fusion and desgafication
2.2.4. Molding
2.2.5. Cooling
2.2.6. Thermal and chemical treatments
2.2.7. Finishes
2.3. Structure and Properties
2.3.1. Amorphous state
2.3.2. Ionic and covalent bonding
2.3.3. Porosity
2.3.4. Density
2.3.5. Dilation
2.3.6. Mechanical, chemical and thermal resistance
2.3.7. Contaminants
2.4. Types and classification
2.4.1. glazes
2.4.1.1. Plan
2.4.1.2. Curved
2.4.2. Frits and glazes
2.4.2.1. Firing temperature
2.4.2.2. Flux
2.4.2.3. Firing atmosphere
2.4.2.4. Finishes
2.4.2.5. Coloring
2.4.3. Fuction
2.5. Frits and glazes
2.5.1. Glazing
2.5.2. Firing
2.6. Common defects
2.6.1. Manufacturing versus aging
2.6.2. Devitrification
2.6.3. Support / glazing according
2.7. Alteration
2.7.1. Factors
2.7.2. Mechanisms
2.7.3. Superficial layers
2.7.4. Common pathologies
2.7.4.1. Surface modification
2.7.4.2. Expansion moisture
3. Materials and metallic alloys
3.1. Raw materials
3.1.1. Metallic minerals
3.1.2. Limestone
3.2. Production
3.2.1. Extraction of raw materials
3.2.2. Preparation of raw materials
3.2.3. Casting - Metallurgy
3.2.3.1. Crystallization
3.2.3.2. Sintering
3.2.4. Conformation
3.2.5. Machining
3.2.6. Thermal treatments
3.2.7. Connecting components
3.2.8. Finishes
3.3. Structure and Properties
3.3.1. Solid state
3.3.2. Metallic bond
3.3.3. Density
3.3.4. Thermal and electrical conductivity
3.3.5. Hardness
3.4. Types and classification
3.4.1. Metals
3.4.2. Alloys
3.4.2.1. Ferrous
3.4.2.2. Non-ferrous alloys - Copper
3.4.2.3. Nonferrous alloys of low melting point - Aluminum
3.5. Common defects
3.5.1. Contraction
3.5.2. Porosity
3.6. Common pathologies
3.6.1. Fatigue
3.6.1.1. Factors influencing
3.6.1.2. Cracking and breakage
3.6.2. Corrosion
3.6.2.1. Corrosion Environment
3.6.2.3. Chemical reactions
3.6.2.3. Patina
3.6.2.4. Inhibition, passivity and protection of metals and alloys
4. General information on fundamental material characterization
4.1. Granulometric composition versus granularity
4.2. Mineral composition
4.3. Elemental composition (chemical)
4.4. Thermogravimetric and thermal differential behavior
4.5. Thermodilatometric behavior
4.6. Fusibility
4.7. Particle morphology
Theoretical-practical component:
1 - Mass characteristics of porous materials. Moisture content.
2 - Bulk density: Method of Aquimedes.
3 - Real density: Method of L`Chatelier balloon.
4 - Real density: Method of pycnometer.
5 - Baridade and void volume.
6 - Limits of consistency: liquid limit.
7 - Limits of consistency: plasticity limit. Atterberg plasticity index.
8 - Conformation of ceramic specimens: compression.
9 - Conformation of ceramic specimens: slip casting.
10 - Drying and firing of ceramic pieces.
11 - Linear shrinkage and flexural strength of ceramic specimens.
12 - Glazing and decoration of ceramic samples.
13 - Casting and conformation of an object in aluminum.
14 - Analysis, interpretation of results and major conclusions.
Evaluation Methodology
1. Theoretical component (64%) assessed through closed-book exam.
2. Theoretical-practical component (33%) assessed through closed-book exam.
Bibliography
- Cottrell, A. (1993). Introdução à Metalurgia. Lisboa: Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian
- Fernandes, M. (1999). Introdução à Ciência e Tecnologia do Vidro. Lisboa: Universidade Aberta
- Fonseca, A. (2000). Tecnologia do Processamento Cerâmico. .: Universidade Aberta
- Fonseca, A. (2000). Tecnologia do Processamento Cerâmico. Lisboa: Universidade Aberta
- Fuster, M. e Albaro, J. e Navarro, J. (1985). Tecnologia Cerâmica. (Vol. I a IV). .: IQT (TC); Universidade de Valência
- Gomes, C. (1988). Argilas: O que são e para que servem. Lisboa: Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian
- Gomes, C. (1990). Minerais Industriais: Matérias-Primas Cerâmicas. Lisboa: Instituto Nacional de Investigação Científica
Teaching Method
1. Lectures focused on the exploration of basic concepts and elementary principles.
2. Laboratory classes to apply technical concepts, including observation, calculus and testing.
Software used in class
Theoretical component: Not applicable.
Theoretical-practical component: Excel.
